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|seats2_title = Seats in the Regional Parliaments |seats2 = |colours = Red |flag = 200px |website = |country = Russia }} The Communist Party of the Russian Federation (CPRF) ((ロシア語:Коммунистическая Партия Российской Федерации; КПРФ); ''Kommunisticheskaya Partiya Rossiyskoy Federatsii'', KPRF) is a Communist party in Russia. The party is often viewed as the immediate successor of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, which was banned in 1991 by then-President Boris Yeltsin. It is the second largest political party in the Russian Federation, after United Russia. The youth organisation of the party is the Leninist Young Communist League. The party is administered by the Central Committee. The CPRF was founded at the Second Extraordinary Congress of Russian Communists on 14 February 1993, as the successor organisation of the Communist Party of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic. As of 1 January 2012, the party has 81 regional divisions and 156,528 members.〔 The areas where the party has a high concentration of supporters are called "the Red Belt". The party's stated goal is to establish a new, modernised form of socialism in Russia. Immediate goals of the party include the nationalisation of natural resources, agriculture, and large industries within the framework of a mixed economy that allows for the growth of small and medium enterprises in the private sector.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Socialism may be waning, but not for young Russians )〕 ==History== The Communist Party of the Russian Federation was founded on 14 February 1993 at the Second Extraordinary Congress of Russian Communists, where it declared itself to be the successor of the Communist Party of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (CPSU).〔American University (Washington, D.C.), and Moskovskiĭ gosudarstvennyĭ universitet im. M. V. Lomonosova. ''(Demokratizatsiya: The Journal of Post-Soviet Democratization )'', volume 4. Washington, D.C.: Quality Press of the Southern Tier, 1996. p. 174〕 It formed through the merger of a variety of successor groups to the CPSU, including Roy Medvedev's Socialist Party of the Working People (of left-socialist orientation), Alexei Prigarin's Union of Communists, and much of the membership of the Stalinist Russian Communist Workers Party (although party leader Viktor Anpilov rejected the new party.)〔Richard Sakwa, ''Russian Politics and Society'', Routledge, 1996, p. 85〕 The CPRF quickly became the largest party in Russia, with 500,000 members soon after its founding, more than double all the other parties membership combined.〔Bozóki & Ishiyama, p242〕 Gennady Zyuganov, a co-founder of the party along with senior former Soviet politicians Yegor Ligachev and Anatoly Lukyanov among others, was elected to be party leader at the Second Extraordinary Congress.〔Bozóki & Ishiyama, p245〕 Zyuganov had been a harsh critic of Alexander Yakovlev, the so-called "godfather of glasnost", on the CPSU Central Committee. After the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991 he became active in the Russian "national-patriotic" movement,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Research )〕 being the chairman of the National Salvation Front (some authors call him a nationalist.) Following the CPRF's success in the 1995 legislative election, it emerged as the primary opposition to incumbent President Boris Yeltsin for the 1996 presidential election, whose approval rating was in single digits.〔Bozóki & Ishiyama, p249〕 In order to oppose Yeltsin, Zyuganov organized a "popular-patriotic bloc" of nationalist organizations to support his candidacy.〔 After the election, on 7 August 1996, the coalition supporting him was transformed into an official organization, the People's Patriotic Union of Russia (NPSR), consisting of more than 30 left-wing and right-wing nationalist organizations, including the Russian All-People's Union, led by Sergey Baburin. Zyuganov was its chairman. It went on to support Zyuganov in the 2000 presidential election. The NPSR was meant to form the basis of a two-party system, with the NPSR opposing the ruling "party of power."〔 The party suffered a sharp decline in the 2003 legislative election, going from 113 seats to 52. Zyuganov called the 2003 elections a "revolting spectacle", and accused the Kremlin of setting up a "Potemkin party", Rodina, to steal its votes. The CPRF was endorsed by Sergey Baburin's People's Union for the 2007 Russian parliamentary elections. In the 2012 Presidential election Zyuganov denounced election irregularities in the 2011 legislative election, but also expressed his opposition to the organizers of the mass demonstrations of December 2011, which he views as orchestrated by ultra liberals who are exploiting unrest. The party played only a minor role in the protests. Party rallies on December 18, 2011 in protest of election irregularities in Moscow and Saint Petersburg were attended by only a few thousand, mostly elderly, party supporters. The party has also recently called for Russia to formally recognize Donetsk People's Republic and the Lugansk People's Republic.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=TASS: Russia - Communist Party urges Russian leadership to recognize Novorossiya )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Communist Party of the Russian Federation」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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